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Updated: Feb 3, 2026
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Overcoming Therapeutic Inertia with Inhaled Insulin Therapy.
Thomas C Blevins1, Steve V Edelman2
1Texas Diabetes and Endocrinology, Austin, Texas, USA.
Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics
|February 1, 2026
Summary
Therapeutic inertia, the failure to intensify diabetes treatment, hinders glycemic control in many patients. Inhaled insulin offers a potential solution to overcome barriers to insulin therapy intensification.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Diabetes Management
Background:
- Suboptimal glycemic control in diabetes (type 1 and type 2) leads to severe complications.
- Only 25% of patients on prandial insulin achieve the American Diabetes Association's glycated hemoglobin target of <7%.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the impact of therapeutic inertia on diabetes management.
- To discuss how inhaled insulin can overcome barriers to insulin intensification.
Main Methods:
- Literature review on therapeutic inertia and insulin therapy.
- Analysis of barriers to insulin initiation and intensification.
- Exploration of inhaled insulin as a solution.
Main Results:
- Therapeutic inertia is a significant driver of poor glycemic control.
- Patient barriers include fear of hypoglycemia, needle aversion, and weight gain concerns.
- Clinician barriers include lack of training, hypoglycemia concerns, and time/resource limitations.
Conclusions:
- Inhaled insulin (Technosphere® insulin) presents a promising approach to overcome common obstacles to insulin therapy intensification.
- Addressing therapeutic inertia is crucial for improving diabetes outcomes.
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