Nuclear membrane disruption in neurodegenerative diseases: Emerging perspectives

The nucleus, as the largest organelle within the cell, serves as the central hub for storing, replicating, and transcribing genetic information, thereby orchestrating vital cellular processes. In eukaryotic cells, the nuclear membrane is composed of several structural components: the outer and inner nuclear membranes, the nuclear pore complexes, and the underlying nuclear lamina, which together preserve the stability of the intracellular environment. Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and related dementias, are characterized by the gradual degeneration and loss of neuronal structure and function in the central nervous system. Growing evidence suggests that alterations in nuclear envelope architecture are closely associated with the onset and progression of these diseases. This article summarizes the information, focusing on the regulators of the cell nuclear membrane, as well as its pathophysiological processes and regulatory mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, this paper discusses related research advances that provide novel insights into a deeper understanding of the nuclear membrane in disease progression and its potential as a therapeutic target.