The Effect of Steroids on Cochlear Impedance in Humans: A Systematic Review

Area of Science:

• Otolaryngology
• Neurosurgery
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Cochlear implantation is a common treatment for severe hearing loss.
• Managing post-operative inflammation and its effects on cochlear implant performance is crucial.
• Steroids are often used perioperatively, but their impact on cochlear impedances requires clarification.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review the effects of perioperative steroid administration on cochlear impedances in patients undergoing cochlear implantation.
• To compare the impact of different steroid delivery methods on cochlear impedance outcomes.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review adhering to PRISMA guidelines.
• Inclusion of studies comparing cochlear impedances with and without perioperative steroids.
• Data extraction on steroid administration (method, timing, dose) and cochlear impedance.

Main Results:

• Twelve studies were analyzed, examining intratympanic, intracochlear, drug-eluting electrodes, and intravenous/oral steroid routes.
• Nine studies indicated a significant association between perioperative steroid use and altered cochlear impedances.
• Local steroid delivery (intratympanic, intracochlear, drug-eluting electrodes) showed impedance reduction for up to 1 year, while oral/intravenous steroids did not.

Conclusions:

• Local perioperative steroid delivery via intratympanic, intracochlear, or drug-eluting electrodes can reduce cochlear impedances post-implantation.
• Oral steroid administration does not appear to influence cochlear impedances.
• Further research is needed to fully understand the relationship between steroid use and cochlear impedance.