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Multicomponent Reactions Involving Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and Isocyanides
Yi-Ming Chen1, Chen-Yu Xu1, Xue Li1
1College of Pharmacy Chongqing, University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, China.
Chemical Record (New York, N.Y.)
|February 2, 2026
Summary
This review explores using carbon dioxide (CO2) in multicomponent reactions with isocyanides. These methods efficiently create valuable nitrogen-containing chemicals and heterocyclic structures, advancing sustainable synthesis.
Area of Science:
- Organic Chemistry
- Sustainable Synthesis
- Green Chemistry
Background:
- Carbon dioxide (CO2) is an abundant, renewable C1 source.
- Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) offer efficient synthetic routes.
- Valorization of carbon resources is crucial for sustainability.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent advancements in CO2-involved MCRs with isocyanides.
- To highlight innovative methodologies for CO2 utilization.
- To showcase the synthesis of valuable chemicals and materials.
Main Methods:
- In situ generation of carbonate intermediates in Ugi and Passerini reactions.
- Transition-metal-catalyzed direct CO2 incorporation into isocyanides.
- Subsequent cyclization with various organic building blocks.
Main Results:
- Efficient synthesis of nitrogen-containing fine chemicals.
- Access to privileged heterocyclic structures (e.g., quinazolinediones, phthalimides).
- Development of functional polymeric materials.
- Mechanistic insights into CO2 participation in amphiphilic systems.
Conclusions:
- CO2 can be effectively utilized as a C1 synthon in MCRs.
- These methods offer sustainable pathways to complex molecules.
- Potential applications in drug discovery and materials science.
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