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Related Concept Videos

Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

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The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
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Drug Delivery: Enteral Route01:18

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The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
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The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
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Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
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Anatomy of the Ear01:16

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Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the auditory organ. The prominent, flesh-like structure on the side of the head, called the auricle, directs sound waves towards the auditory canal. The auricle is often mislabeled as the pinna, a term more aligned with mobile structures like a feline's external ear. The auditory canal penetrates the cranium via the external auditory meatus of the...
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Drug Absorption Mechanism: Carrier-Mediated Membrane Transport01:19

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Certain large, lipid-insoluble drug molecules that resemble amino acids, peptides, or glucose, require specialized carrier proteins to facilitate their diffusion across cell membranes. This transport can occur through either facilitated diffusion, which does not require energy input, or active transport, which does require energy input.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 3, 2026

The Preparation of Chicken Ex Ovo Embryos and Chorioallantoic Membrane Vessels as In Vivo Model for Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Imaging and Microbubble-Mediated Drug Delivery Studies
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Microbubbles for Acoustically Mediated Drug Delivery to the Inner Ear.

Charlotte Jeanneau1,2, Fabrice Micaletti1,2, Damien Fouan1

  • 1Université de Tours, INSERM, Imaging Brain & Neuropsychiatry iBraiN U1253Tours, 37032, France.

Molecular Pharmaceutics
|February 2, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Microbubble-assisted ultrasound offers a promising method for targeted inner ear drug delivery by overcoming the blood-labyrinth barrier. This review details microbubble formulations for enhanced acoustic delivery, crucial for treating inner ear conditions.

Keywords:
drug deliveryinner earmicrobubblesround window membranesonoporationultrasound

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Area of Science:

  • Otorhinolaryngology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • The blood-labyrinth barrier (BLB) protects the inner ear but hinders therapeutic delivery.
  • Developing effective inner ear drug delivery methods is crucial for treating auditory and vestibular disorders.
  • Targeted delivery across the BLB remains a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current microbubble (MB) formulations for inner ear drug delivery.
  • To explore the potential of microbubble-assisted ultrasound for noninvasive therapeutic delivery.
  • To highlight factors influencing the safety and efficacy of this delivery method.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on microbubble formulations.
  • Analysis of acoustically mediated drug delivery techniques.
  • Focus on ultrasound and microbubble interactions for BLB permeation.

Main Results:

  • Microbubble-assisted ultrasound is a promising noninvasive method for inner ear drug delivery.
  • MB formulations and ultrasound parameters significantly impact delivery efficiency and safety.
  • The review synthesizes current knowledge on MBs for acoustic delivery through the round window membrane.

Conclusions:

  • Microbubble-assisted ultrasound represents an innovative approach to overcome BLB challenges.
  • Optimized MB formulations are key to successful targeted inner ear drug delivery.
  • Further research into MB properties and ultrasound parameters will advance therapeutic strategies.