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Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Self-Assembly of Gamma-Modified Peptide Nucleic Acids into Complex Nanostructures in Organic Solvent Mixtures
Published on: June 26, 2020
Recent developments in the delivery of peptide nucleic acids (PNAs)
Srijani Sarkar1, Niren Murthy1
1Department of Bioengineering, Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California Berkeley Berkeley CA USA nmurthy@berkeley.edu.
None:
Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) oligomers have tremendous potential as therapeutics; however, their delivery is challenging and has limited their development as therapeutics. In recent years, new strategies for delivering water-soluble backbone-modified PNA oligomers into cells for antisense and gene-editing applications have attracted significant attention. This review critically examines earlier delivery approaches and their limitations, highlights recent advances in PNA engineering and nanocarrier design, and discusses the future directions necessary to advance PNA-based therapeutics. By integrating these innovations, PNAs hold the potential to transform biomedical applications and contribute to the next generation of medicine.
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