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Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Direct Detection of the Acetate-forming Activity of the Enzyme Acetate Kinase
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Phorbol Myristate Acetate Inhibits Senecavirus A Replication by Activating IKBKE-Mediated IFN Pathway and NF-κB

Junfang Yan1,2, Yanni Gao1, Chengyi Guo1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China, njau.edu.cn.

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases
|February 2, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) shows antiviral effects against Senecavirus A (SVA) by activating the IKBKE-mediated IFN and NF-κB pathways. This compound may offer a new therapeutic strategy for SVA and other RNA virus infections.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Senecavirus A (SVA) causes vesicular disease in swine, clinically indistinguishable from FMDV.
  • Current treatments and vaccines for SVA are lacking in China.
  • Emerging viral threats necessitate novel therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify compounds with antiviral activity against SVA.
  • To elucidate the mechanism of action for identified antiviral compounds.
  • To explore the potential of identified compounds as broad-spectrum antiviral therapeutics.

Main Methods:

  • Screening of 112 compounds for SVA inhibitory activity.
  • Investigating the role of IKBKE and NF-κB signaling pathways.
  • Testing antiviral activity against other RNA viruses (PEDV, PRRSV, EMCV).

Main Results:

  • Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) demonstrated antagonistic effects on early SVA infection.
  • PMA upregulates IKBKE, activating IFN and NF-κB pathways.
  • Antiviral effects were dependent on IKBKE expression and NF-κB pathway activity.
  • PMA exhibited broad-spectrum activity against PEDV, PRRSV, and EMCV.

Conclusions:

  • PMA inhibits SVA replication via the IKBKE-mediated IFN and NF-κB signaling pathways.
  • IKBKE is identified as a key target for PMA's antiviral activity.
  • PMA shows promise as a candidate for broad-spectrum antiviral therapeutic development.
Keywords:
IKBKESenecavirus Aimmune responsephorbol myristate acetate

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