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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 4, 2026

An Experimental Approach to Investigating Effects of Artificial Light at Night on Free-Ranging Animals: Implementation, Results, and Directions for Future Research

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Effects on Stereopsis Under Different Lighting Conditions.

Jothi Palani¹, Aiswaryah Radhakrishnan¹, Nandhakumar Murugan¹

¹Department of Optometry, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health sciences, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengelpet, Tamil Nadu, India.

The British and Irish Orthoptic Journal

|February 2, 2026

Summary

Different artificial lights impact depth perception. Compact fluorescent lamps (CFL) and light-emitting diodes (LED) preserve stereopsis, while sodium vapour and incandescent lights significantly impair it.

Keywords:

Compact fluorescent lamp Randot stereo test incandescent light-emitting diode sodium vapour lamp

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Last Updated: Feb 4, 2026

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Published on: May 2, 2018

Area of Science:

Vision Science
Lighting Technology
Human Factors

Background:

Stereopsis, or depth perception via binocular vision, is crucial for visual performance.
The influence of artificial lighting on stereopsis is not well understood.
Understanding these effects is vital for optimizing visual environments.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of various artificial light sources on stereopsis.
To compare the effects of LED, incandescent, sodium vapour, and CFL lighting on depth perception.

Main Methods:

Forty young adults with normal vision and stereoacuity participated.
Stereoacuity was measured under four lighting conditions (LED, incandescent, sodium vapour, CFL) at 400 lux.
The Randot stereo test was used, with random order of lighting exposure.

Main Results:

Compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) and light-emitting diode (LED) lighting showed median stereopsis of 25 arcseconds.
Incandescent and sodium vapour lamps resulted in a median stereopsis of 30 arcseconds.
Stereoacuity was significantly worse under sodium vapour and incandescent lighting compared to CFL and LED (p < 0.05).

Conclusions:

Sodium vapour and incandescent lighting significantly impair stereopsis.
CFL and LED lighting conditions do not adversely affect stereopsis.
Optimizing lighting choices can help maintain binocular depth perception.