Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Evidence-based Knowledge Synthesis and Hypothesis Validation: Navigating Biomedical Knowledge Bases via Explainable AI and Agentic Systems
Published on: June 13, 2025
Assessment of quality and readability of web-based knowledge about gummy smile: An infodemiology study
Ahmad Qazali1, Muath Saad Alassaf2, Abdulsamad Talaat Habeeb3
1Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Madina, Saudi Arabia.
Objective:
This study aimed to evaluate the quality, reliability, and readability of online patient-centered information related to the management of gummy smile.
Methods:
A systematic search was conducted using Google, Yahoo, and Bing to identify websites providing patient-oriented information on gummy smile treatments. A total of 257 websites met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Content quality was assessed using the DISCERN instrument, Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmarks, and the Health on the Net (HON) code certification. Readability was evaluated using the Flesch Reading Ease Score (FRES), Flesch -Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), Simplified Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG) index, and Coleman -Liau index.
Results:
The overall quality of online information was low to moderate, with a mean DISCERN score of 40 ± 9.9. Only 11 websites were certified by the HON code, indicating limited adherence to established standards for trustworthy health information. According to JAMA benchmarks, only two websites fulfilled all four criteria. Readability analysis demonstrated that the content was relatively complex, with a mean FRES of 60.1 ± 9.2 and a mean FKGL of 8.9 ± 1.8, exceeding the recommended reading level for the general public.
Conclusions:
Online patient-centered information regarding gummy smile is generally of suboptimal quality and readability. The limited number of reliable and easily understandable resources underscores the need for improved quality control, standardization, and patient-focused content development. Enhancing the accessibility and reliability of online information may support better patient understanding and informed decision-making in dental aesthetics.
Related Concept Videos
Quality Control
Quality control helps track data, visualize trends, and identify variations, making it easier to detect deviations that may affect the accuracy of an analysis. One way to do this is by generating a quality control chart, which...
Quality Assurance
Quality of Water
Pulse amplitude and quality
A weak or absent pulse may indicate reduced cardiac output or poor left ventricular contraction, which can be signs of cardiovascular dysfunction or...
Testing Water Quality
Protein Folding Quality Check in the RER

