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Using natural language processing to explore differences in healthcare professionals' language on Functional

Md Shadab Mashuk1, Yang Lu2, Lana Y H Lai3

  • 1School of Science, Engineering & Environment, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom.

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|February 2, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Healthcare communication for Functional Neurological Disorders (FND) varies between neurologists and psychologists. Psychologists use empathetic language, while neurologists focus on medical terms, impacting patient understanding and care.

Keywords:
Functional Neurological Disorder (FND)electronic health records (EHRs)healthcare professionalshealthcare text analyticsmachine learningnatural language processing (NLP)sentiment analysistopic modelling

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Communication
  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Effective communication is crucial in healthcare, especially for Functional Neurological Disorders (FND) patients who face misdiagnosis and stigma.
  • Varied communication styles among healthcare professionals can negatively impact patient comprehension and outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze clinician communication patterns in Functional Neurological Disorders (FND) using natural language processing (NLP).
  • To compare language use and emotional tone in communication between neurologists and psychologists, and across different document types.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized NLP, including Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic modeling and sentiment analysis (VADER, Flair).
  • Analyzed 869 electronic health records (EHRs) focusing on clinician-to-clinician and clinician-to-patient communication regarding FND.

Main Results:

  • Psychologists employed subjective experience terms (e.g., "trauma") and positive language for patient understanding.
  • Neurologists used medicalized language (e.g., "seizures") and maintained a neutral or cautious tone.
  • Distinct communication patterns and emotional tones were observed between neurologists and psychologists.

Conclusions:

  • Differences in communication styles between specialists impact FND care.
  • Standardized terminology and integrated care pathways are essential for improving FND patient outcomes.
  • Further research is needed to understand how communication influences patient experience and treatment adherence.