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Effect of Baicalein on Odontogenic Differentiation of Dental Pulp Stem Cells: An In Vitro Study
Sejal Patil1, Madhura Pawar1, Avinash Kharat2
1Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
Background:
Human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) are the primary cellular components of the pulp tissue and play a crucial role in its regenerative potential. In the context of vital pulp therapy (VPT), naturally derived herbal compounds have emerged as potential alternatives to conventional direct pulp capping agents due to their biocompatibility and bioactivity. Baicalein, a flavonoid derived from Scutellaria baicalensis, a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, has demonstrated anticancer, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, its effects on odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) remain unclear.
Aim:
To evaluate the effect of baicalein on the odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs.
Materials And Methods:
Baicalein was prepared in varying concentrations from a commercially available source. DPSCs were isolated using the explant culture method and characterized through flow cytometry for mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) markers: CD73, CD90 (positive), and CD34, CD45, and HLA-DR (negative). Cytotoxicity was assessed using the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Odontogenic differentiation and mineralization were evaluated by measuring alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineral deposition using 2% Alizarin Red S staining.
Results:
Mesenchymal stem cells from explant culture were free of hematopoietic lineage. MTT assay showed no cytotoxicity at 1-50 µg/mL. Compared to control, 10 and 15 µg/mL baicalein increased cell proliferation, though higher concentrations reduced it. At 10 µg baicalein, ALP activity (p < 0.05) and mineral matrix deposition significantly increased, as indicated by darker Alizarin Red S staining. Destaining confirmed higher calcium content in the 10 µg group compared to the control.
Conclusion:
Baicalein promotes odontogenic differentiation and mineralization of DPSCs at optimal concentrations, highlighting its potential as a novel bioactive agent in direct pulp capping procedures.
How To Cite This Article:
Patil S, Pawar M, Kharat A, et al. Effect of Baicalein on Odontogenic Differentiation of Dental Pulp Stem Cells: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2026;19(1):92-99.
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