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Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Scale-up Chemical Synthesis of Thermally-activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters Based on the Dibenzothiophene-S,S-Dioxide Core
Published on: October 24, 2017
Interplay of Aggregation-Induced Enhanced Emission and Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence in Asymmetric
Carolina Vesga-Hernández1, Rafael S Carvalho2, Aline M Santos1,2
1Department of Chemistry, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 22451-900, Brazil.
Abstract:
Combining thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) with aggregation-induced enhanced emission (AIEE) provides an effective strategy to improve solid-state emission in organic materials. Here, we design four fluorenyl-benzothiadiazole (FL-BTD) derivatives bearing additional donor groups, aryloxy (-OAr), aryl (-Ar), iminodibenzyl (-IDB), and phenoxazine (-PXZ), to investigate how molecular structure influences their photophysical properties. FL-BTD-OAr and FL-BTD-IDB display AIEE, with quantum yields that are significantly higher in the solid state (0.70 and 0.30, respectively) than in solution. FL-BTD-IDB also exhibits delayed emission (t d = 1.03 μs) and enhanced luminescence under vacuum compared to an O2 atmosphere, consistent with TADF. Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) fabricated with these materials show green emission (FL-BTD-Ar and FL-BTD-OAr) or orange emission (FL-BTD-IDB). Device performance trends closely follow the solid-state photophysics. FL-BTD-Ar, subject to partial aggregation quenching, delivers the weakest performance, whereas FL-BTD-OAr benefits from AIEE, resulting in improved brightness and efficiency. The best-performing device is based on FL-BTD-IDB, which combines AIEE and TADF to achieve high brightness (15,000 cd m-2) and higher external quantum efficiency (EQE) compared to the analogs.
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