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Comparative analysis of percutaneous and open approaches to traumatic spine injury: Analysis of the National Trauma
Samuel Blake1, Alexa R Lauinger1, Alan Fullenkamp1
1Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, IL, United States.
Background:
Minimally invasive spine surgery (MISS) has become increasingly common, but there are barriers to its adoption in acute trauma. To investigate these barriers, clinical data on preoperative factors and outcomes were compared between patients undergoing percutaneous and open spinal trauma procedures.
Methods:
In this retrospective cohort study of the National Trauma Data Bank, we analyzed trauma patients nationwide who underwent spine procedures from 2017 to 2023. Using International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision codes, index procedures classified as "open", "percutaneous/MISS", or "converted." Comorbidities, demographic data, and adverse events were analyzed and compared between groups.
Results:
Of the 187,382 patients included, 13.2% underwent MISS. Open surgery correlated with males, older patients, and major comorbidities, including diabetes mellitus, congestive heart failure, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. MISS correlated with smoking and greater injury severity. Except for surgical site infections, all adverse events were more prevalent following open procedures.
Conclusion:
From 2017 to 2023, traumatic spinal surgery increased significantly, and the percentage approached percutaneously procedures increased from 11.7% to 15.2%, while adverse events were more common after open surgery.
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