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Enhancing steer growth and efficiency through growth promoting technologies.

Marissa K Eekhoff¹, Dathan T Smerchek¹, Jodi L McGill²

¹Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, United States.

Translational Animal Science

|February 2, 2026

Summary

Growth-promoting technologies significantly enhanced cattle growth, feed efficiency, and carcass value. These advancements also reduced nitrogen excretion, indicating a smaller environmental footprint for the beef industry.

Keywords:

beef cattle efficiency growth promoting technology nitrogen profitability sustainability

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Area of Science:

Animal Science
Agricultural Science
Environmental Science

Background:

Growth-promoting technologies are crucial for beef production efficiency.
Understanding their impact on cattle metabolism and environmental factors is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the effects of implants and beta-adrenergic agonists on cattle growth, serum metabolites, and nitrogen excretion.
To assess the economic implications and environmental footprint of these technologies.

Main Methods:

Angus-cross steers were assigned to four treatment groups: control, implants (IMP), IMP + lubabegron (LUB), and IMP + ractopamine (RAC).
Growth performance, serum metabolites (urea nitrogen, glucose, insulin, NEFA), insulin sensitivity, and nitrogen excretion were measured.
Carcass data and economic returns were analyzed using mixed models.

Main Results:

Growth-promoting technologies increased final body weight, average daily gain, and feed efficiency (P < 0.01).
Hot carcass weight was highest with LUB, while marbling was greatest in CON and IMP groups (P < 0.01).
Nitrogen excretion per unit of carcass adjusted ADG decreased with technology use (P < 0.01), and insulin sensitivity improved.

Conclusions:

Growth-promoting technologies enhance cattle performance and carcass value.
These technologies can reduce the environmental impact of beef production by improving nitrogen utilization and feed efficiency.