Rasmussen aneurysm: A rare complication of pulmonary tuberculosis case report

Rasmussen's aneurysm is a rare but potentially fatal complication of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), characterized by the development of a pseudoaneurysm in the pulmonary arterial system due to chronic inflammation and weakening of the vessel wall. This condition arises from tuberculous destruction of lung parenchyma, leading to erosion of adjacent pulmonary arteries and subsequent aneurysm formation. Clinically, it presents with life-threatening hemoptysis, often requiring prompt diagnosis and intervention. Imaging modalities such as contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) play a crucial role in identifying the aneurysm and guiding treatment. Management options include transcatheter arterial embolization, which is the preferred intervention, or surgical resection in select cases. Early recognition and timely treatment of Rasmussen's aneurysm are essential to prevent catastrophic hemorrhage and improve patient outcomes.