Current status and future prospects of nanocarrier-mediated miRNA delivery for osteoarthritis therapy
Longyin Li1, Zhengguang Xu2, Feng Gao1
1Department of Joint Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Chaohu, China.
Abstract:
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint disease whose pathogenesis involves multiple pathways, including inflammatory responses, cartilage matrix metabolism, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. Currently, effective clinical treatments are lacking. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are associated with the pathogenesis of OA and represent potential therapeutic agents for this disease. However, issues such as miRNA instability, off-target effects, and low cellular uptake efficiency have limited their clinical application. Nanocarriers, which are widely used for targeted drug delivery, offer a convenient approach for miRNA-based OA therapy. Numerous studies have employed nanomaterials such as polymer-based, lipid-based, inorganic nanoparticles, and extracellular vesicles (EVs) to deliver miRNAs, effectively inhibiting the progression of OA and achieving therapeutic goals. This review summarizes research advances in the use of nanoparticles to deliver miRNAs for the treatment of OA, explores the associated clinical prospects and challenges, and proposes potential pathways toward intelligent, precise, and personalized therapy, with the aim of informing miRNA-mediated gene therapy for OA.
Insights
Nanoparticles effectively deliver microRNAs (miRNAs) to treat osteoarthritis (OA), overcoming challenges like instability and low uptake. This approach shows promise for precise, personalized gene therapy for OA patients.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Molecular Biology
- Regenerative Medicine
Background:
- Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent degenerative joint disease with complex pathogenesis involving inflammation and cartilage degradation.
- Current clinical treatments for OA are limited, highlighting the need for novel therapeutic strategies.
- MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a role in OA pathogenesis and are potential therapeutic targets, but face delivery challenges.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the advancements in using nanoparticles for miRNA delivery in osteoarthritis treatment.
- To explore the clinical prospects and challenges of nanocarrier-mediated miRNA therapy for OA.
- To propose future directions for intelligent, precise, and personalized miRNA-based gene therapy for OA.
Main Methods:
- Review of current literature on nanocarrier systems for miRNA delivery in OA.
- Analysis of various nanomaterials including polymer-based, lipid-based, inorganic nanoparticles, and extracellular vesicles (EVs).
- Evaluation of miRNA delivery efficiency, therapeutic outcomes, and challenges in preclinical and clinical settings.
Main Results:
- Nanocarriers effectively deliver miRNAs, inhibiting OA progression and achieving therapeutic goals.
- Diverse nanomaterials demonstrate potential for targeted miRNA delivery, improving cellular uptake and stability.
- Successful inhibition of OA pathogenesis markers has been observed using nanocarrier-mediated miRNA delivery.
Conclusions:
- Nanoparticle-based miRNA delivery is a promising strategy for osteoarthritis therapy.
- Overcoming challenges like miRNA instability and off-target effects is crucial for clinical translation.
- Future research should focus on developing intelligent, precise, and personalized nanomedicine approaches for OA gene therapy.
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