Influence of Quantitative Variables on Residency Match: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis

Introduction The residency match process entails a comprehensive evaluation of each medical student applicant, and multiple aspects of the application affect a student's competitiveness for their chosen specialty. Quantitative variables associated with the match application were selected for analysis, as they are the most objective and consistently reported metrics. This study aims to identify the quantitative variables that are most strongly correlated with determining residency match probability. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study conducted between 2013 and 2021, utilizing data from the Association of American Medical Colleges Report on Residents. Possible predictors of matching, including average United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 1 and Step 2 scores, number of research experiences, number of research abstracts, presentations, and publications, number of volunteer experiences, and number of work experiences, were analyzed over time for each Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)-accredited specialty using percent variation. Radar plots were created to determine the most influential categories in determining the probability of matching for each specialty. Results Overall, research abstracts, presentations, and publications had the highest association with an applicant's probability of matching into their selected specialty. Standardized test scores were most positively associated with successful matches into Otolaryngology, Orthopedic Surgery, Plastic Surgery, and Neurological Surgery, with high Z scores (1.69, 1.68, 1.62, and 1.52, respectively, for Step 1).  Conclusion A thorough analysis of the available objective data suggests that scholarly activities, including research abstracts, presentations, and publications, are the single most important quantitative variable influencing a student's likelihood of matching. Future research can explore understanding the essential role of qualitative variables, such as letters of recommendation and personal statements.