Future trends and challenges in occupational therapy: Insights from a Delphi study

Area of Science:

• Occupational therapy
• Healthcare innovation
• Digital health

Background:

• Occupational therapy is rapidly evolving due to technological, demographic, and sociocultural shifts.
• Recognizing emerging trends is crucial for educational programs, evidence-based practices, and health policies.
• This study investigates expert perspectives on key future trends in occupational therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore expert opinions on future trends in occupational therapy.
• To identify key areas for development in technology integration, neuroscience, and education.
• To inform strategies for adapting occupational therapy practice and education.

Main Methods:

• A three-round Delphi study involving 36 occupational therapy professionals (academicians, clinicians, interns).
• Data analysis included thematic analysis and Kendall's W to assess consensus.
• Participants provided perspectives on five themes: Future Technologies, Neuroscience/Biotechnology, Technology-Based Therapy, Sociocultural/Demographic Impacts, and Educational Methods.

Main Results:

• Experts highlighted the integration of virtual reality/augmented reality, artificial intelligence (AI)-supported assessments, and telehealth.
• Neuroplasticity-based interventions and simulation-based learning were identified as vital for future competence.
• Ethical concerns regarding AI, alongside cost and digital literacy barriers, were also noted.

Conclusions:

• Occupational therapists need to enhance digital competencies and ensure accessible, inclusive, and culturally responsive practices.
• Findings provide insights for clinical, educational, and policy development in occupational therapy.
• Adapting to technological and societal changes is essential for the future of the profession.