Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 4, 2026
Using a 1064-nm Picosecond Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Laser for Periorbital Hyperpigmentation
Published on: May 23, 2025
Histopathological evaluation of lower limb reticular veins treated with Nd:YAG 1064 nm laser: a prospective cohort
Felipe Coelho1,2, Fernando T Silveira3, Paulo R Bignardi4
1Vascular Hospital of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil - contato@drfelipecoelho.com.br.
Background:
The 1064 nm Nd:YAG transdermal laser is commonly used in the ambulatory treatment of lower limb reticular veins and telangiectasias. However, optimal laser parameters, particularly fluence and pulse duration, remain a subject of debate. In this prospective cohort pilot study, we evaluated the histopathological effects of different Nd:YAG 1064 nm laser settings on reticular veins to identify the parameter combinations most associated with vein wall damage.
Methods:
Patients scheduled for ambulatory phlebectomy received transdermal laser therapy 24 hours prior to surgery, using different combinations of fluence and pulse duration. A total of 15 vein segments were collected during phlebectomy, 12 treated with the laser and 3 untreated controls. All samples were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and independently analyzed by two blinded pathologists for neutrophilic infiltration, luminal thrombosis, and wall fibrosis.
Results:
Laser parameters of 70 J/cm2 with pulse durations of 15 ms and 30 ms were significantly associated with the presence of inflammatory infiltrates (P<0.05). No statistically significant differences were found when comparing fixed fluence with variable pulse durations or fixed pulse duration with variable fluences (P>0.05).
Conclusions:
Nd:YAG 1064 nm transdermal laser induces histopathological inflammation in reticular veins, particularly when using fluence of 70 J/cm2 combined with pulse durations of 15-30 ms.
Related Concept Videos
01:15Veins of Lower Limbs
Formed by the union of the medial and lateral plantar veins, the posterior tibial vein, rising through the calf muscle, assimilates the fibular vein. The anterior tibial vein, a superior extension of the foot's dorsalis pedis vein, merges with the posterior tibial vein at the...
01:17Veins of Upper Limbs
The deep venous system is primarily composed of the ulnar and radial veins. The ulnar vein, which drains the fingers through the superficial palmar venous arches, and the radial vein, which serves the palms via the deep palmar...
01:15Reticular Dermis
Reticular Layer
Underlying the papillary layer is the much thicker reticular layer, composed of dense, irregular connective...
01:21Pilot and Numeric Relaying
01:13Functional Brain Systems: Reticular Formation
Within the reticular formation, there are several distinct nuclei that can be classified into three broad categories. The Raphe nuclei are located along the midline of the brainstem. They are primarily known for their role in synthesizing and releasing serotonin, a neurotransmitter involved in regulating mood, appetite, sleep, and circadian rhythms. The...
01:26Varicose Veins II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care