Machine Learning-Based Multimodal Molecular Biomarkers for Predictive Health Analytics

Every year, many people around the world are progressively affected by the devastating conditions of health problems such as heart disease, respiratory infections, neurological dysfunction, cognitive stress, cancer, stroke, diabetes, etc., which lead to severe health complications and associated abnormalities. Thus, early health analytics are crucial, as they enable timely intervention with targeted therapies, potentially providing immediate relief and sustained long-term benefits that may slow disease progression. Due to the complex pathophysiological processes and heterogeneous clinical trials in various health conditions, there is a need for highly sensitive, multimodal biomarkers and effective investigative approaches to accurately detect and monitor patient health outcomes. Therefore, machine learning algorithms with various categories and techniques are considered for predicting outcomes, including prognosis, risk assessment, patient stratification, and disease monitoring. The flow of the proposed work is divided into three stages, as the first stage defines the importance of healthcare with case studies, followed by the traditional Machine Learning (ML) algorithms, traditional Deep Learning (DL) approaches, and modern DL techniques (TabNet and AutoInt) in the second stage. Finally, the experiments are implemented to justify the results. This work highlights the grouping of modalities by integrating molecular protein, chemical, and genetic biomarkers with emerging ML features. The results indicate a significant improvement in predicting the accuracy using the proposed methodology.