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Factors Associated With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Among Community-Based Overweight and Obese Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Mei-Hsiang Lin1, Ping-Ru Hsiao2,3, Ning-Hung Chen4
1Department of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan.
Biological Research for Nursing
|February 2, 2026
Summary
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) affects over 80% of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, especially those who are overweight or obese. Key risk factors include higher BMI, age, and neck circumference, necessitating routine OSA screening for T2DM management.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Sleep Medicine
- Public Health
Background:
- Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is highly prevalent in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, with many cases remaining undiagnosed, particularly in overweight or obese individuals.
- The comorbidity of OSA and T2DM significantly impacts patient health outcomes and disease management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify risk factors associated with OSA in overweight or obese T2DM patients.
- To investigate the relationship between OSA severity and various clinical parameters.
Main Methods:
- A multicenter, cross-sectional descriptive study involving 422 T2DM participants in Taiwan.
- Data collected using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Epworth Sleep Scale, and portable sleep monitoring.
- Hierarchical multiple regression and multinomial logistic regression analyses were employed.
Main Results:
- A high prevalence of OSA (80.3%) was observed among T2DM participants, with 51.8% having moderate to severe OSA.
- Significant predictors of the Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) included age, number of comorbidities, BMI, neck circumference, snoring times, and pulse rate.
- Severe OSA was strongly associated with age, BMI, gender, pulse rate, and snoring times.
Conclusions:
- Over 80% of T2DM patients in this cohort had OSA, highlighting a critical unmet diagnostic need.
- Elevated BMI, neck circumference, comorbidities, age, pulse rate, and snoring frequency are significant risk factors for OSA in T2DM.
- Routine OSA screening is strongly recommended for overweight or obese T2DM patients to facilitate early diagnosis and improve management strategies.
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