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Related Concept Videos

Ions and Ionic Charges03:27

Ions and Ionic Charges

79.1K
In ordinary chemical reactions, the nucleus — which contains the protons and neutrons of each atom and thus identifies the element — remains unchanged. Electrons, however, can be added to atoms by transfer from other atoms, lost by transfer to other atoms, or shared with other atoms. The transfer and sharing of electrons among atoms govern the chemistry of the elements. During the formation of some compounds, atoms gain or lose electrons to form electrically charged particles called...
79.1K
Ionic Radii03:10

Ionic Radii

33.5K
Ionic radius is the measure used to describe the size of an ion. A cation always has fewer electrons and the same number of protons as the parent atom; it is smaller than the atom from which it is derived. For example, the covalent radius of an aluminum atom (1s22s22p63s23p1) is 118 pm, whereas the ionic radius of an Al3+ (1s22s22p6) is 68 pm. As electrons are removed from the outer valence shell, the remaining core electrons occupying smaller shells experience a greater effective nuclear...
33.5K
Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

130.8K
Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...
130.8K
Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature03:34

Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature

87.3K
An element composed of atoms that readily lose electrons (a metal) can react with an element composed of atoms that readily gain electrons (a nonmetal) to produce ions through complete electron transfer. The compound formed by this transfer is stabilized by the electrostatic attractions (ionic bonds) between the oppositely charged ions.
87.3K
Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

20.1K
Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
20.1K
Solubility of Ionic Compounds02:55

Solubility of Ionic Compounds

68.2K
Solubility is the measure of the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature and pressure. Solubility is usually measured in molarity (M) or moles per liter (mol/L). A compound is termed soluble if it dissolves in water.
68.2K

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A Novel Method for the Pentosan Analysis Present in Jute Biomass and Its Conversion into Sugar Monomers Using Acidic Ionic Liquid
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Nonfaradaic Ionic Thermoelectric Conversion: The Soret Effect or Asymmetric Interfacial Ion Rearrangement?

Zhiwu Chen1, Yapei Wang1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, School of Chemistry and Life Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China.

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Ionic thermoelectric materials offer efficient thermal energy conversion. This review explores the Soret effect and interfacial ion rearrangement, highlighting new opportunities for thermoelectric devices.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Energy Conversion
  • Solid State Physics

Background:

  • Ionic thermoelectric materials are promising for low-grade waste heat utilization and thermal signal detection.
  • The Soret effect (ion thermal diffusion) is the established mechanism for energy conversion in these materials.
  • Existing research focuses on material design and Soret effect-based voltage enhancement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review non-faradaic ionic thermoelectric conversion theories.
  • To analyze the contributions of the Soret effect and asymmetric interfacial ion rearrangement.
  • To highlight new opportunities for thermoelectric device design based on interfacial effects.

Main Methods:

  • Historical development and theoretical analysis of ionic thermoelectric concepts.
  • Comparative study of the Soret effect and asymmetric interfacial ion rearrangement mechanisms.
  • Review of experimental evidence and theoretical models for thermoelectric voltage generation.

Main Results:

  • The Soret effect is a primary driver, but the electrode-electrolyte interface plays a critical role.
  • Asymmetric interfacial ion rearrangement is an overlooked but significant contributor to thermoelectric voltage.
  • Understanding interfacial effects offers new avenues for improving thermoelectric device performance.

Conclusions:

  • A dual-mechanism understanding (Soret effect and interfacial effects) is crucial for advancing ionic thermoelectrics.
  • The asymmetric interfacial ion rearrangement effect presents novel opportunities for device engineering.
  • Future research should focus on elucidating interfacial mechanisms and optimizing device structures.