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Related Concept Videos

Glucose Homeostasis: Regulation of Blood Glucose01:02

Glucose Homeostasis: Regulation of Blood Glucose

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Carbohydrates consumed through foods are converted into glucose, a crucial energy source for the body. In the prandial state, high blood glucose levels stimulate the secretion of insulin from the pancreas. Insulin inhibits hepatic glucose production and stimulates glucose uptake and metabolism by muscle and adipose tissue. The excess glucose is converted into glycogen and stored in the liver and muscles.
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Glucose Transporters01:27

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Glucose transporters facilitate the transport of glucose across the cell membrane. In addition to glucose, some glucose transporters can also aid the movement of other hexoses such as fructose, mannose, and galactose.
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Glucose Absorption Into the Small Intestine01:26

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Complex carbohydrates consumed cannot be absorbed into the small intestine in their original form. First, they must be hydrolyzed to a monosaccharide form such as glucose or galactose. These monosaccharides are then transported across the intestinal membrane and into the blood via transcellular transport. The intestinal epithelial cells allow the movement of these monosaccharides with a defined 'entry' through membrane transporter proteins present on their apical membrane and...
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Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose01:16

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Insulin is released by beta cells of the pancreas when blood glucose levels are high. It facilitates glucose absorption and utilization in insulin-dependent cells with insulin receptors on their plasma membranes. Insulin promotes glucose uptake by increasing the number of glucose transport proteins in the cell membrane, allowing glucose to enter the cell. As a result, glucose utilization and ATP production are enhanced.
In addition to accelerating glucose uptake and utilization, insulin has...
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Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion01:27

Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion

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The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
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Lewis Acids and Bases02:33

Lewis Acids and Bases

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In 1923, G. N. Lewis proposed a generalized definition of acid-base behavior in which acids and bases are identified by their ability to accept or to donate a pair of electrons and form a coordinate covalent bond.
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An mTurquoise2-Based Glucose Biosensor.

Dennis Botman1, Annemoon Tielman1, Joachim Goedhart2

  • 1Systems Biology Lab, AIMMS/ALIFE, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam1081, the Netherlands.

ACS Sensors
|February 2, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new biosensor, TINGL (Turquoise INdicator for GLucose), for precise intracellular glucose monitoring in single cells. This tool reveals dynamic glucose changes crucial for understanding cellular metabolism and energy production.

Keywords:
budding yeastfluorescent biosensorsglucoselifetime imagingmicroscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Metabolic Engineering

Background:

  • Intracellular glucose dynamics are critical for cellular energy and growth.
  • Existing biosensors lack the specificity and affinity for accurate, real-time glucose measurement.
  • Fast, single-cell timescale data on glucose metabolism is needed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel biosensor for accurate intracellular glucose detection.
  • To characterize glucose dynamics in budding yeast under varying conditions.
  • To demonstrate the versatility of the biosensor in human cells.

Main Methods:

  • Engineered yeast to create and screen biosensor libraries.
  • Developed TINGL (Turquoise INdicator for GLucose) biosensor.
  • Calibrated the sensor *in vivo* using a yeast mutant.
  • Measured intracellular glucose levels in budding yeast and human cells.

Main Results:

  • TINGL exhibits high specificity and affinity for intracellular glucose detection.
  • Estimated intracellular glucose concentrations up to ~1 mM in budding yeast.
  • Observed distinct glucose dynamics in glucose-repressed versus non-repressed yeast cells.
  • THINGL (human codon-optimized) demonstrated efficacy in starved human cells.

Conclusions:

  • TINGL provides a robust method for real-time intracellular glucose monitoring.
  • The sensor enables detailed studies of cellular carbohydrate metabolism.
  • This technology is adaptable for various cell types, including human cells.