Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Compact Bone01:27

Compact Bone

16.5K
Most bones contain compact and spongy osseous tissue, but their distribution and concentration vary based on the bone's overall function.
Compact bone, also called cortical bone, is the denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue. It is found under the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones, where it provides support and protection. The microscopic structural unit of compact bone is called an osteon, or haversian system. Each osteon is composed of concentric rings of calcified...
16.5K
Compacting Factor test01:22

Compacting Factor test

582
The compacting factor test is a method used to assess the workability of concrete. It is  especially suitable for concrete mixes containing aggregates up to one and a half inches in size. This test involves specialized equipment consisting of two truncated cone-shaped hoppers and a cylinder, all with polished interior surfaces to minimize friction.
The procedure begins by placing concrete into the upper hopper without any compaction. Once filled, the bottom door of this hopper is opened,...
582
Production Efficiency01:01

Production Efficiency

18.3K
Net production efficiency (NPE) is the efficiency at which organisms assimilate energy into biomass for the next trophic level. Due to low metabolic rates and less energy spent on thermoregulatory processes, the NPE of ectotherms (cold-blooded animals) is 10 times higher than endotherms (warm-blooded animals).
18.3K
Trophic Efficiency00:46

Trophic Efficiency

25.2K
Trophic level transfer efficiency (TLTE) is a measure of the total energy transfer from one trophic level to the next. Due to extensive energy loss as metabolic heat, an average of only 10% of the original energy obtained is passed on to the next level. This pattern of energy loss severely limits the possible number of trophic levels in a food chain.
25.2K
Dual Nature of Electromagnetic (EM) Radiation01:10

Dual Nature of Electromagnetic (EM) Radiation

3.8K
Electromagnetic (EM) radiation consists of electric and magnetic field components oscillating in planes perpendicular to each other and mutually perpendicular to radiation propagation through space. EM radiation can be classified as a wave, characterized by the properties of waves such as wavelength (denoted as λ) and frequency (represented by ν).
Wavelength is the distance between two consecutive peaks (the highest point) or troughs (the lowest point) in the wave. Frequency is the number of...
3.8K
Efficiency of The Carnot Cycle01:16

Efficiency of The Carnot Cycle

3.7K
The hypothetical Carnot cycle consists of an ideal gas subjected to two isothermal and two adiabatic processes. Since the internal energy of an ideal gas depends only on its temperature, which is the same before and after the completion of the Carnot cycle, there is no change in its internal energy. Hence, using the first law of thermodynamics, the total heat exchanged by the ideal gas equals the total work done. Thus, we can quantify the efficiency of the Carnot cycle via the heat exchanged...
3.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Integrating nano crystal sensor with explainable deep learning for nutrients and microplastic-toxicity detection.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Equilibrium-based COVID-19 diagnosis from routine blood tests: A sparse deep convolutional model.

Expert systems with applications·2022
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Graphene-Based Polyhedrons via Origami-Like Self-Folding
14:52

Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Graphene-Based Polyhedrons via Origami-Like Self-Folding

Published on: September 23, 2018

9.4K

Efficient and compact graphene-based optical modulator using dual-annular elliptical silicon waveguide.

Esraa Hany1, Dina R Elshaht1, Doaa A Altantawy2

  • 1Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.

Nanotechnology
|February 2, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a novel graphene-silicon optical modulator for efficient light control. This device offers high performance and low energy use, paving the way for advanced photonic integrated circuits.

Keywords:
GrapheneModulation depthOptical modulatorSimulation

More Related Videos

Graphene Coatings for Biomedical Implants
13:21

Graphene Coatings for Biomedical Implants

Published on: March 1, 2013

21.8K
Optical Detection of E. coli Bacteria by Mesoporous Silicon Biosensors
07:22

Optical Detection of E. coli Bacteria by Mesoporous Silicon Biosensors

Published on: November 20, 2013

17.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Graphene-Based Polyhedrons via Origami-Like Self-Folding
14:52

Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Graphene-Based Polyhedrons via Origami-Like Self-Folding

Published on: September 23, 2018

9.4K
Graphene Coatings for Biomedical Implants
13:21

Graphene Coatings for Biomedical Implants

Published on: March 1, 2013

21.8K
Optical Detection of E. coli Bacteria by Mesoporous Silicon Biosensors
07:22

Optical Detection of E. coli Bacteria by Mesoporous Silicon Biosensors

Published on: November 20, 2013

17.6K

Area of Science:

  • Photonics and Nanotechnology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Optical modulators are crucial components in photonic integrated circuits (PICs).
  • Graphene and silicon waveguides offer unique properties for high-performance optical devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and investigate a high-performance optical modulator using three graphene layers and a dual elliptic-shaped silicon waveguide.
  • To optimize the device for transverse electric (TE) mode operation, enhancing modulation efficiency and compactness.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical simulations using the finite element method (FEM) were employed for comprehensive analysis.
  • Key performance indicators including propagation loss (Lp), modulation depth (MD), bandwidth, energy consumption, and device footprint were evaluated.

Main Results:

  • The proposed modulator achieved a modulation depth of 0.748 dB/μm and a low propagation loss of 0.045 dB/μm at 1550 nm.
  • A compact cross-sectional area of 1.08 μm² was realized, demonstrating significant miniaturization potential.
  • Geometry optimization led to enhanced modulation capabilities and reduced energy consumption.

Conclusions:

  • The developed graphene-silicon optical modulator shows promise for energy-efficient and scalable photonic integrated circuits.
  • The device advancements contribute to the progress of active nanophotonic devices incorporating two-dimensional (2D) materials.