CAMK1D and PI3 in low-density neutrophils are associated with the anti-hypertensive effects of valsartan

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Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Isolation and Characterization of Neutrophils with Anti-Tumor Properties
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Isolation and Characterization of Neutrophils with Anti-Tumor Properties

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Bang-Bang Huang1, Xing Yu2, Zhi-Dian Cai1

  • 1Department of Geriatrics, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Hypertension Disease of Fujian Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.

European Journal of Pharmacology
|February 2, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Valsartan treatment impacts low-density neutrophils (LDNs) in hypertension by altering gene expression, specifically reducing immune activation markers. This suggests LDNs play a role in valsartan

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Immunology
  • Pharmacogenomics

Background:

  • Hypertension is a major global health concern.
  • Low-density neutrophils (LDNs) contribute to vascular damage via immune activation.
  • Understanding LDN mechanisms in hypertension is crucial for effective treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate valsartan's effects on LDNs in hypertensive patients.
  • To identify molecular mechanisms of LDN involvement in valsartan response.
  • To explore potential therapeutic targets for hypertension.

Main Methods:

  • Single-cell RNA sequencing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) before and after valsartan treatment.
  • Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to identify genes linked to valsartan response.
  • Analysis of LDN subtypes (CAMK1D, PI3, ISG15, S100A12) and gene expression.

Main Results:

  • Valsartan treatment modulated immune activation transcripts in LDNs.
  • Specific changes observed: decreased CAMK1D and increased PI3 expression.
  • Lower MMP9 in PI3 subtype correlated with reduced LDN differentiation into CAMK1D subtype.

Conclusions:

  • CAMK1D and PI3 are key LDN-related genes influencing valsartan response in hypertension.
  • Valsartan may enhance efficacy by promoting LDN retention in the PI3 subtype.
  • Findings provide a basis for future functional studies on LDNs and hypertension treatment.

Keywords:
CAMK1DLow-density neutrophilPI3Single-cell RNA sequencingValsartan

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