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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Automated Charting of the Visual Space of Housefly Compound Eyes

Automated Charting of the Visual Space of Housefly Compound Eyes

Published on: March 31, 2022

An insect-scale artificial visual-olfactory bionic compound eye.

Jiachuang Wang^1,2,3, Shuai Wei^1,2, Nan Qin^4,5

¹State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.

Nature Communications

|February 2, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a miniature bionic compound eye that mimics insect vision and smell. This insect-scale device integrates micro-lenses and olfactory sensors for enhanced environmental perception and obstacle avoidance.

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Published on: February 24, 2013

Area of Science:

Biomimetics and Microsystems Engineering
Optoelectronics and Sensor Technology
Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence

Background:

Compound eyes in insects offer efficient image processing and low power consumption.
Developing artificial compound eyes faces challenges in achieving sensitive photoelectric response and olfactory perception at insect-scale.
Mimicking biological multimodal fusion decision-making is crucial for advanced bionic systems.

Purpose of the Study:

To create a miniature bionic compound eye (bio-CE) with integrated visual and olfactory sensing capabilities.
To replicate the insect-scale, low-power, and high-efficiency characteristics of biological opto-olfactory systems.
To enable multimodal fusion decision-making for enhanced environmental perception.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of a bionic micro-lens array on flexible photodetectors using femtosecond laser two-photon polymerization.
Integration of 1027 ommatidia within a 1.5×1.5 mm² area.
Construction of a colorimetric olfactory sensor array via inkjet printing for combined vision and smell perception.

Main Results:

Achieved a wide field-of-view (180° azimuth) and natural interocular isolation.
Demonstrated a 1 kHz flicker fusion frequency and color response to hazardous chemicals.
Exhibited high sensitivity to moving objects and rapid response to environmental gases.

Conclusions:

The developed insect-scale bionic apposition compound eye successfully integrates visual and olfactory sensing.
The microsystem shows potential for wide-angle, close-range obstacle avoidance and monitoring moving targets.
This technology holds significant promise for applications in unmanned platform navigation and bionic robot intelligence.