Associations between diet, exercise, and mental health among college students in Guangdong, China: A cross-sectional...

Neglectful eating habits, a sedentary lifestyle, and psychological disturbance are common issues among college students. This study aims to identify the relationships between these factors among college students through an intervention in Guangdong, China. Data on a sample of college students (N = 683) was collected through a cross-sectional study alongside the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21, Diet Balance Index-16, and Physical Activity Rating Scale-3 questionnaires, all of which comprise standardized scales. An intervention trial with 440 participants (220 intervention participants and 220 control participants) was also conducted to gauge the impacts of psychological disturbances, poor diets, and a lack of physical activity. The statistical methods employed included descriptive statistics, nonparametric group comparisons, correlation analyses, and pre-post comparison. Students reported substantial stress and anxiety and exhibited depressive symptoms, with their mean scores nearing and/or crossing mild thresholds. The physical and psychosocial correlates of dietary quality were suboptimal, featuring positive associations with cereals, condiments, and energy-dense foods, and negative associations with vegetables, fruits, dairy, and protein. A majority of participants reported a low level of physical activity, though there were notable differences across genders and grade levels. Correlation analysis revealed that increases in physical activity were linked to improved mental health, while more severe dietary imbalances were associated with worsened mental health. Notably, participants in the control group exhibited greater improvements in stress, anxiety, depression, physical activity, and dietary balance compared to the intervention group (all P < .05). Mental health issues, low physical activity, and poor dietary patterns represent pressing concerns among college students in Guangdong. However, evidence suggests that integrated lifestyle interventions have the potential to address these issues.