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Related Concept Videos

Sign Test for Matched Pairs01:17

Sign Test for Matched Pairs

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The sign test for matched pairs offers a robust method for comparing two paired samples, often for the effects of an intervention in one of them. This method is very useful in situations where the underlying distribution of the data is unknown. The test compares two related samples—often pre- and post-treatment measurements on the same subjects—to determine if there are significant differences in their median values.
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Introduction to z Scores01:06

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A z score (or standardized value) is measured in units of the standard deviation. It tells you how many standard deviations the value x is above (to the right of) or below (to the left of) the mean, μ. Values of x that are larger than the mean have positive z scores, and values of x that are smaller than the mean have negative z scores. If x equals the mean, then x has a zero z score. It is important to note that the mean of the z scores is zero, and the standard deviation is one.
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Introduction to z Scores01:05

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A z score (or standardized value) is measured in units of the standard deviation. It indicates how many standard deviations the value x is above (to the right of) or below (to the left of) the mean, μ. Values of x that are larger than the mean have positive z scores, and values of x that are smaller than the mean have negative z scores. If x equals the mean, then x has a zero z score. It is important to note that the mean of the z scores is zero, and the standard deviation is one.
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z Scores and Area Under the Curve01:17

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z scores are the standardized values obtained after converting a normal distribution into a standard normal distribution. A z score is measured in units of the standard deviation. The z score tells you how many standard deviations the value x is above (to the right of) or below (to the left of) the mean, μ. Values of x that are larger than the mean have positive z scores, and values of x that are smaller than the mean have negative z scores. If x equals the mean, then x has a z score of...
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The z score is one of the three measures of relative standing. It describes the location of a value in a dataset relative to the mean. z scores are obtained after the standardization of the values in a dataset. The z score for the mean is 0.
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Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks Test for Matched Pairs01:09

Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks Test for Matched Pairs

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The Wilcoxon signed-rank test for matched pairs evaluates the null hypothesis by combining the ranks of differences with their signs. It essentially tests whether the median of the differences in a population of matched pairs is zero. Since the test incorporates more information than the sign test, it generally yields more trustable conclusions. This test also does not require the data to follow a normal distribution, but two conditions must be met for it to be applicable: (1) the data must...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting Propensity Score using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index
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Laparoscopic Versus Open Approach for Strangulated Small Bowel Obstruction: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis.

Toshimichi Kobayashi1, Ryota Suda1, Hiroki Yamaguchi1

  • 1Department of Digestive and Transplantation Surgery, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.

World Journal of Surgery
|February 3, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Laparoscopic surgery for strangulated small bowel obstruction (SSBO) reduces postoperative complications. However, patients with prior abdominal surgeries may require conversion to open procedures.

Keywords:
conversion to open surgerylaparoscopic surgerypropensity score matchingstrangulated small bowel obstruction

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Area of Science:

  • Minimally Invasive Surgery
  • Gastrointestinal Surgery
  • Surgical Emergencies

Background:

  • Laparoscopic surgery is increasingly used for abdominal emergencies.
  • Limited data exists on its application for strangulated small bowel obstruction (SSBO).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of laparoscopic surgery for SSBO.
  • To compare outcomes between laparoscopic and open surgery for SSBO.

Main Methods:

  • Single-center retrospective study of 123 patients undergoing emergency surgery for SSBO.
  • Propensity score matching (PSM) to compare laparoscopic and open surgery groups.
  • Logistic regression analysis to identify factors associated with laparoscopic-to-open conversion.

Main Results:

  • Laparoscopic surgery group had significantly lower Clavien-Dindo grade ≥ II postoperative complications (7.4% vs. 29.6%).
  • Conversion to open surgery occurred in 25.6% of laparoscopic cases.
  • Previous laparotomies and history of gastrointestinal surgery were significant predictors of conversion.

Conclusions:

  • Laparoscopic surgery for SSBO is associated with fewer postoperative complications.
  • Careful patient selection is advised, considering potential conversion in those with prior abdominal surgeries.