A multiphase and multiscale mechanistic model for hot air drying of shiitake mushroom

A mechanistic multiphase, multiscale model is proposed to simulate mushroom drying, incorporating shrinkage, Flory-Huggins theory for water activity, viscoelasticity, alongside the heat and mass transfer. The model describes moisture and temperature evolution, capturing unique features of mushroom drying dynamics, such as sustained internal evaporative cooling, and a rapid increase in product temperature near the end of drying. This model enables the interpretation of T₂ NMR investigations of drying, thereby revealing the conditions for the loss of cell membrane integrity. By integrating conductivity and NMR data, critical thresholds for maintaining cell membrane integrity were identified. The findings support further optimization of serial drying processes, while preserving membrane integrity for optimal rehydration.