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Predictors of postoperative recovery using self-reported HRQoL among children undergoing elective surgery

Paulina S Lim1,2, Michelle A Fortier2,3,4, Sherrie H Kaplan5,6

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California.

Paediatrics & Child Health
|February 3, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Male children and English-speaking Latinx children experienced poorer recovery. Preoperative anxiety and caregiver distress also predicted worse outcomes, highlighting key factors in pediatric postoperative recovery.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Health
  • Quality of Life Research
  • Surgical Recovery Science

Background:

  • Holistic assessment of postoperative recovery increasingly relies on self-reported health-related quality of life (HRQoL).
  • Identifying children at higher risk for poor recovery is crucial for targeted interventions.
  • Understanding predictors of pediatric postoperative recovery is essential for improving patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify predictors of pediatric postoperative recovery using self-reported health-related quality of life (HRQoL).
  • To explore factors influencing children's overall, physical, and mental health post-surgery.

Main Methods:

  • 148 children (ages 4-12) completed the Child Health Rating Inventories (CHRIS2.0).
  • Measures included overall, physical, and mental health, preoperative anxiety, and postoperative pain.
  • Four linear regressions analyzed predictors: child gender, race/ethnicity, language, surgical severity, and preoperative anxiety/distress in children and caregivers.

Main Results:

  • Male gender and identifying as English-speaking Latinx predicted poorer postoperative overall health.
  • Higher child preoperative anxiety and higher caregiver preoperative distress were significant predictors of poorer overall health.
  • Established predictors like preoperative anxiety and caregiver distress were validated.

Conclusions:

  • Novel predictors, including child male gender and race/ethnicity/language, offer new insights into pediatric recovery.
  • Preoperative anxiety and caregiver distress remain critical factors influencing postoperative outcomes.
  • These findings can inform strategies to enhance recovery for at-risk pediatric surgical patients.
Abstract

Keywords:
Health-related quality of lifeLatinx health paradoxPostoperative outcomesPreoperative anxietySelf-report

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