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Lifestyle Medicine for Primary and Secondary Stroke Prevention: A Narrative Review

Rikka Yzzabelle Tagayuna1, Charis Rowden2, Dean Sherzai3

  • 1California State University, Los Angeles, CA, USA (RYT).

American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine
|February 3, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Lifestyle interventions are crucial for preventing stroke, a major cause of death and disability. Modifying risk factors like hypertension and diet significantly lowers stroke risk and recurrence.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Preventive Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Stroke is a primary global cause of mortality and disability, impacting millions annually.
  • It presents as ischemic or hemorrhagic, leading to cognitive, motor, and emotional deficits.
  • Lifestyle interventions are integral to stroke prevention guidelines, with varying efficacy based on risk factors and adherence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathophysiology of stroke, including hormonal, genetic, environmental, and lifestyle influences.
  • To outline the role of lifestyle interventions in primary and secondary stroke prevention.
  • To discuss clinical implementation, policy, health equity, cost-effectiveness, and future research directions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on stroke pathophysiology and lifestyle interventions.
  • Analysis of modifiable risk factors contributing to approximately 90% of stroke risk.
  • Examination of clinical implementation, policy, and economic aspects of lifestyle medicine for stroke.

Main Results:

  • Lifestyle interventions target key modifiable risk factors: hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol, poor diet, sedentary behavior, obesity, stress, smoking, cardiac issues, and alcohol use.
  • These interventions are essential for both primary prevention (first-time stroke) and secondary prevention (recurrent stroke).
  • The review synthesizes evidence on the effectiveness and implementation of lifestyle medicine in reducing stroke burden.

Conclusions:

  • Lifestyle medicine plays a critical role in the primary and secondary prevention of stroke.
  • Addressing modifiable risk factors through lifestyle changes is key to reducing the global stroke burden.
  • Integrated strategies involving clinical practice, policy, and health equity are necessary for effective stroke prevention.

Keywords:
intracerebral hemorrhageischemic strokelifestylelifestyle interventionstrokestroke preventionstroke risk factors

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