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Dynamic Upconversion Manipulation via Cross-Relaxation Engineering for Optical Encryption.

Qi Xiao1,2, Wen Xu1, Xiumei Yin1

  • 1School of Physics and Materials Engineering, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, P. R. China.

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|February 3, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new method for dynamic upconversion engineering using cross-relaxation control. This allows for tunable luminescence switching and enhanced red emission, paving the way for advanced optical information security.

Keywords:
cooperative excitationcross‐relaxationlanthanide‐doped materialsoptical encryptionphoton upconversion

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Photonics
  • Quantum Optics

Background:

  • Lanthanide ion (Ln³⁺) upconversion relies on 4f electron transitions.
  • Dynamic control over excited-state populations for emission modulation is difficult.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a cross-relaxation control paradigm for dynamic upconversion engineering.
  • To achieve dynamic green-to-red luminescence switching and enhance red emission.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized dual-wavelength cooperative excitation in Er³⁺-Ln³⁺ doped NaYS₂.
  • Investigated cross-relaxation pathways and population fluxes.
  • Implemented programmable upconversion logic gate arrays.

Main Results:

  • Achieved dynamic green-to-red luminescence switching.
  • Amplified red emission by approximately 20-fold by accelerating cross-relaxation kinetics.
  • Demonstrated the role of NaYS₂ host properties (low phonon energy, layered structure, high refractive index).

Conclusions:

  • Established a novel paradigm for upconversion manipulation.
  • Enabled dynamic random-visual encryption for optical information security.
  • Showcased unprecedented capabilities for advanced information technologies.