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Updated: Feb 5, 2026

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Exploring Sex Differences in Stroke Outcomes: A Comprehensive Analysis From the SPAN 1 Trial.

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This preclinical stroke study found no sex differences in neurological outcomes in most mouse and rat models. However, female spontaneously hypertensive rats showed worse behavioral outcomes, suggesting sex differences may be model-specific.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Translational Medicine
  • Sex Differences in Disease

Background:

  • Stroke exhibits significant sex differences in risk factors, incidence, and outcomes.
  • Preclinical studies suggest sex disparities, but findings often lack validation across diverse settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate sex differences in neurological outcomes in preclinical stroke models.
  • To validate existing findings across multiple research settings and animal models.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the Stroke Preclinical Assessment Network (SPAN) trial.
  • Analyzed outcomes in 665 animals across young mice, obese mice, aging mice, young rats, and spontaneously hypertensive rats.
  • Compared neurological and behavioral outcomes (corner test, brain morphology, mortality) between sexes using statistical models.

Main Results:

  • No significant sex differences in neurological outcomes were observed in most mouse and rat models.
  • Infarct size and brain atrophy showed no sex disparities in mice.
  • Female spontaneously hypertensive rats exhibited more severe sensorimotor injury compared to males.

Conclusions:

  • Sex differences in stroke outcomes appear to be model-specific and subtle.
  • Highlights the need for methodological consistency and diverse animal models in translational stroke research.
  • Further investigation is needed to understand the role of sex in stroke outcomes.