Investigation of Systemic Immune Inflammatory Index and Other Complete Blood Parameters in Cases with Amoebiasis

Entamoeba histolytica is a major parasitic cause of acute gastroenteritis. In this study, hematological inflammatory indices were assessed in adhesin-positive amoebiasis cases.

Adhesin test results and hemogram parameters were evaluated simultaneously in cases who were referred to Necmettin Erbakan University Faculty of Medicine, Medical Parasitology laboratory with suspicion of amoebiasis and whose Entamoeba histolytica specific adhesin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test was found to be positive between January 2022 and December 2023. In this study, the indices were calculated using haemogram parameters. Age- and sex-matched groups were formed, consisting of cases with adhesin test-positive acute gastroenteritis (APAG) and those with adhesin test-negative acute gastroenteritis (ANAG). In addition to common statistical analyses, the diagnostic performance of various hematologic inflammatory parameters in predicting adhesin positivity was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic analysis.

The results of 340 cases were analyzed, including 136 cases under the age of 18. Blood lymphocyte and monocyte levels were significantly lower in the APAG group compared to the ANAG group (p=0.004 and p=0.048, respectively), while no significant differences were observed in the remaining haemogram parameters. There was also no statistically significant difference in C-reactive protein levels between the groups (p=0.061). Among the calculated indices, only the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) showed a significant difference between groups (p=0.017). In the gender-based subgroup analysis of the APAG group, red blood cell levels were found to be lower in female cases (p=0.026), while no significant differences were observed in the calculated indices.

This study evaluated the predictive performance of various hematologic inflammatory parameters in determining adhesin test positivity. Although the PLR showed a statistically significant difference between groups, the positive and negative predictive values of all evaluated parameters remained moderate. These findings suggest that the diagnostic utility of these biomarkers is limited.