Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Stochastic Noise Application for the Assessment of Medial Vestibular Nucleus Neuron Sensitivity In Vitro
Published on: August 28, 2019
Cryogenic amplifier with high sensitivity and stability for noise-STM
Maialen Ortego Larrazabal1,2, Jiasen Niu1,3,4,5, Jian-Feng Ge1,6
1Leiden Institute of Physics, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands.
Abstract:
Local shot noise spectroscopy with scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) has proven to be a powerful technique to investigate the electronic properties of quantum materials. It provides direct and non-invasive insight into the tunneling charge quanta or dynamics at the atomic scale. Due to the typically weak noise signal and the presence of low frequency spurious noise, local noise experiments require a high-resolution measurement amplifier. Here, we present a newly developed high-resolution noise amplifier that we implemented in three different STMs. Compared to our previous generation, we obtain more than a 20-fold improvement in the noise resolution, allowing us to resolve values of the effective charge as small as 0.01e. Our amplifier opens new possibilities for studying electronic properties in novel materials such as d-wave superconductors. In addition to this, it can give direct information about the local electron temperature in STM experiments.
Related Concept Videos
Operational Amplifiers
MOSFET Amplifiers
BJT Amplifiers
In BJT amplifier configurations, particularly in common-emitter setups, the transistor's role...
Instrumentation Amplifier
To overcome this challenge, an ECG machine utilizes an instrumentation amplifier. This specialized amplifier is...
Nuclear Stability
To hold positively charged protons together...
RNA Stability

