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Global Mercury Emissions from Open Biomass Burning Estimated Using a Mass-Balance Approach.

Yuzhe Shen1, Long Chen1,2, Danyu Wang1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.

Environmental Science & Technology
|February 3, 2026
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Summary

Global mercury (Hg) emissions from open biomass burning (OBB) were re-estimated using a mass-balance model. This study provides a more accurate assessment of Hg released from vegetation tissues and peatland fires worldwide.

Keywords:
mass-balance approachmercury emissionsopen biomass burningvegetation biomesvegetation tissues

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Atmospheric Chemistry
  • Biogeochemistry

Background:

  • Mercury (Hg) emissions from open biomass burning (OBB) are a major factor in global atmospheric Hg cycling.
  • Previous estimates using the emission factor (EF) approach have significant uncertainties.
  • A refined understanding of Hg sources from OBB is crucial for accurate global Hg budget assessments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and apply a mass-balance model for re-estimating global Hg emissions from OBB between 2010-2019.
  • To quantify Hg emissions from individual vegetation tissues and differentiate between combustion sources (vegetation, litterfall, peatlands).
  • To analyze the spatial, temporal, and categorical variability of Hg emissions from OBB.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a mass-balance model to estimate Hg emissions.
  • Quantification of Hg emissions from vegetation-derived combustion, litterfall combustion, and peatland fires.
  • Analysis of emission data based on geographical regions, biomes, vegetation types, and seasonality.

Main Results:

  • Global annual Hg emissions from OBB averaged 280 Mg yr-1 (range: 93–803 Mg yr-1).
  • Major contributions include vegetation-derived combustion (129 Mg yr-1), litterfall (81 Mg yr-1), and peatland fires (70 Mg yr-1).
  • Emission hotspots identified in central Africa, Indo-China Peninsula, and boreal Asia, with leaves being the largest contributor (58%).

Conclusions:

  • The mass-balance model provides a more accurate and nuanced assessment of Hg emissions from global OBB compared to the EF approach.
  • Hg emissions from OBB exhibit significant spatial heterogeneity and distinct seasonal patterns.
  • Understanding these emission sources is vital for global mercury cycling research and policy development.