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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Metacognition Research

Background:

  • Metacognition involves judging one's own judgments.
  • The domain generality versus specificity of metacognitive confidence is debated.
  • Previous studies show mixed evidence and did not explore complex models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the domain generality versus specificity of metacognitive confidence.
  • To analyze cross-task correlations in metacognitive bias and efficiency.
  • To test for general metacognitive processes using advanced statistical models.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data from 10 tasks across three studies (N = 253-547).
  • Examination of cross-task correlations for metacognitive bias and efficiency.
  • Confirmatory factor analyses to assess domain generality.

Main Results:

  • A consistent pattern of cross-task correlations was observed.
  • Hierarchical estimation improved correlations for metacognitive efficiency.
  • Evidence supports weak domain generality, with separate modules for perceptual and cognitive tasks.

Conclusions:

  • Metacognitive confidence shows weak domain generality.
  • Distinct metacognitive modules may exist for different task types (perceptual vs. cognitive).
  • Findings contribute to understanding the structure of metacognition.