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A Perspective on Non-Invasive Blood Pressure Monitoring: Bridging Emerging Principles, Enabling Technologies and

Chentao Du, Ting Xiang, Guangyao Zhao

    IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering
    |February 3, 2026
    PubMed

    Insights

    Effective non-invasive blood pressure (NIBP) monitoring is crucial for cardiovascular disease management. This review explores advances in NIBP technology, addressing accuracy and validation challenges for better home healthcare.

    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Cardiovascular Medicine
    • Wearable Technology

    Background:

    • Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading global cause of mortality, necessitating improved blood pressure management.
    • Non-invasive blood pressure (NIBP) monitoring offers advantages for home-based, long-term use compared to invasive methods.
    • Current NIBP technologies face challenges in accuracy, real-world validation, sensor design, and calibration.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To systematically review recent advancements in non-invasive blood pressure monitoring.
    • To identify unmet needs and future research directions in NIBP technology.
    • To explore the integration of NIBP into broader healthcare and theranostic applications.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of novel NIBP estimation principles minimizing user intervention.
    • Analysis of flexible and wearable electronics for enhanced NIBP accuracy and comfort.
    • Examination of NIBP integration with theranostics and healthcare scenarios.
    • Assessment of calibration and validation strategies for improved NIBP reliability.

    Main Results:

    • Progress in novel NIBP estimation principles and wearable sensor technology.
    • Emerging integration of NIBP with theranostic applications and AI-enabled systems.
    • Development of improved calibration and validation methods for NIBP devices.
    • Identification of persistent challenges in real-world accuracy and validation.

    Conclusions:

    • Addressing current challenges in NIBP accuracy, validation, and standardization is essential.
    • Advancements in wearable electronics and AI integration are paving the way for personalized cardiovascular care.
    • Further research is needed to optimize NIBP technologies for reliable, long-term home monitoring and early CVD detection.

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