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Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Preparation of Binary and Ternary Deep Eutectic Systems
Published on: October 31, 2019
The Direct Piezoelectric Effect in Deep Eutectic Solvents
Allison M Stettler1, Sheryl S Blanchard1, Gary A Baker2
1Michigan State University, Department of Chemistry, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States.
None:
We report the direct piezoelectric response of four deep eutectic solvents (DESs): choline chloride:ethylene glycol (ChCl:EG), choline chloride:glycerol (ChCl:Gly), choline chloride:1,3-propanediol (ChCl:PD), and choline chloride:urea (ChCl:urea). Measurement of current as a function of applied force produces a linear relationship from which the piezoelectric coefficient (d33) was determined. The piezoelectric effect has previously been observed in room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs), attributable to a pressure-induced liquid-to-crystalline solid phase transition. The observation of this phenomenon in DESs is unprecedented and underscores its generality. The magnitude of d33 in these DESs is similar to that for RTILs, suggesting the potential to tune the piezoelectric response through careful selection of the DES constituents and constituent ratios.
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