A novel enzyme-based strategy for improving compost quality using extracts from spent mushroom substrate.

Area of Science:

• Environmental Science
• Microbiology
• Biotechnology

Background:

• Spent mushroom substrate (SMS) contains hydrolases and oxidoreductases with potential for compost quality improvement.
• Limited research exists on the specific impact and mechanisms of SMS endogenous enzymes in composting.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the influence of SMS endogenous enzymes on compost characteristics.
• To explore the underlying mechanisms of enzyme action in compost maturation.

Main Methods:

• Enzyme extraction from SMS.
• Compost analysis for safety and maturity indicators.
• Microbial community analysis (diversity and interactions).
• Metabolic pathway analysis (carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism).

Main Results:

• SMS endogenous enzymes significantly improved compost safety and maturity.
• Enzyme application increased microbial diversity and fostered synergistic bacterial-fungal interactions.
• Enhanced abundance of specific genera (e.g., Bacillus, Trichoderma, Aspergillus) correlated with improved organic matter degradation and humification.
• Microbial carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism were key in compost putrefaction, with saprotrophs dominating fungal communities.

Conclusions:

• SMS endogenous enzymes effectively accelerate compost maturation.
• Enzyme application promotes beneficial microbial communities and enhances composting efficiency.
• This approach offers a novel strategy for sustainable solid waste management and resource valorization.