Emerging approaches for characterizing spatial and temporal dynamics of pathogen-induced organelle remodeling

Pathogens have evolved complex strategies that exploit the unique intracellular niches of organelles to establish a favorable replication environment that promotes infection and associated diseases. Defining how pathogens remodel organelle structures and compositions to redirect their functions is a major goal in cell biology. Recent technological advancements now enable structural characterizations of remodeled organelles in exquisite detail, as well as quantitative mapping of relocalized protein constituents and suborganellar interacting proteins. We describe emerging advances in complementary approaches for spatially and temporally profiling organelle rearrangements dictated by pathogen infection, with a focus on state-of-the-art microscopy, quantitative proteomics, and the integration of computational developments during virus infection. We examine the organellar resolutions and subcellular scales of these methodologies and recent applications during viral infections. We discuss how existing biochemical and bioinformatic tools can be integrated for systems-level mapping of organelle remodeling dynamics to dissect structure-function relationships of rewired organelles induced by microbes.