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Related Concept Videos

Elements and Compounds01:27

Elements and Compounds

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Pure substances consist of only one type of matter. A pure substance can be an element or a compound. An element consists of only one type of atom, while a compound consists of two or more types of atoms held together by a chemical bond.
Elements
Elements are classified as atomic or molecular based on the nature of their basic units. They are unique forms of matter with specific chemical and physical properties that cannot break down into smaller substances by ordinary chemical reactions. There...
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Periodic Classification of the Elements04:00

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The periodic table arranges atoms based on increasing atomic number so that elements with the same chemical properties recur periodically. When their electron configurations are added to the table, a periodic recurrence of similar electron configurations in the outer shells of these elements is observed. Because they are in the outer shells of an atom, valence electrons play the most important role in chemical reactions. The outer electrons have the highest energy of the electrons in an atom...
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Enthalpy changes are typically tabulated for reactions in which both the reactants and products are at the same conditions. A standard state is a commonly accepted set of conditions used as a reference point for the determination of properties under other different conditions. For chemists, the IUPAC standard state refers to materials under a pressure of 1 bar and solutions at 1 M and does not specify a temperature. Many thermochemical tables list values with a standard state of 1 atm. Because...
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Elements: Chemical Symbols and Isotopes02:31

Elements: Chemical Symbols and Isotopes

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A chemical symbol is an abbreviation used to indicate an element or an atom of an element. For example, the symbol for mercury is Hg. The same symbol is used to indicate one atom of mercury (microscopic domain) or to label a container of many atoms of the element mercury (macroscopic domain).
Some symbols are derived from the common English name of the element; others are abbreviations of the name in another language — Latin, Greek or German. For example, the symbol for aluminum (common name)...
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Classification of Elements and Compounds02:54

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Pure substances consist of only one type of matter. A pure substance can be an element or a compound. An element consists of only one type of atom, while a compound consists of two or more types of atoms held together by a chemical bond. Elements are classified as atomic or molecular based on the nature of their basic units.
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Like all living organisms, plants require organic and inorganic nutrients to survive, reproduce, grow and maintain homeostasis. To identify nutrients that are essential for plant functioning, researchers have leveraged a technique called hydroponics. In hydroponic culture systems, plants are grown—without soil—in water-based solutions containing nutrients. At least 17 nutrients have been identified as essential elements required by plants. Plants acquire these elements from the...
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Standardizing Data Elements for Implementation of ICU Liberation Bundle.

Md Fantacher Islam1, Molly Douglas2, Jarrod Mosier2

  • 1College of Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States.

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|February 3, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Standardized bundle cards were developed to evaluate adherence to the ABCDEF (A-F) care bundle in ICUs. These tools improve documentation and enable better monitoring of critical care for improved patient outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Critical care medicine
  • Health informatics
  • Clinical data standardization

Background:

  • Prolonged intensive care unit (ICU) stays increase patient risks and strain resources.
  • The ABCDEF (A-F) care bundle aims to improve outcomes for critically ill patients.
  • Variability in documentation hinders effective implementation and evaluation of the A-F bundle.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize data elements of the A-F liberation bundle.
  • To develop standardized bundle cards mapping A-F components to controlled vocabularies.
  • To enable retrospective evaluation of A-F bundle adherence.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of the MIMIC-IV critical care database.
  • Mapping clinical concepts to the OMOP common data model and standardized vocabularies.
  • Developing bundle cards for each A-F component detailing assessments and adherence criteria.

Main Results:

  • Pain and sedation assessments were analyzed, with 37.7% meeting SCCM adherence criteria for sedation.
  • Delirium assessments used standardized protocols (RASS, CAM-ICU).
  • Components E and F showed gaps in standardized vocabularies, and adherence varied due to non-standardized documentation.

Conclusions:

  • Six ICU Liberation Bundle cards were developed and validated.
  • These cards map bundle components to standardized vocabularies and data models for retrospective adherence evaluation.
  • The resources promote consistent documentation, interoperability, and future monitoring to enhance A-F bundle implementation.