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Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on infant neurodevelopmental outcomes

Yuki Kyono1, Masahiro Nishiyama2, Hiroshi Yamaguchi1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.

BMJ Paediatrics Open
|February 3, 2026
PubMed

Insights

The COVID-19 pandemic was linked to poorer infant neurodevelopment, especially language delays. This study highlights the impact of societal changes on early childhood development.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Health
  • Developmental Pediatrics
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic introduced unprecedented societal changes.
  • Understanding its impact on early childhood development is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on infant neurodevelopment.
  • To compare neurodevelopmental outcomes in children born before and during the pandemic.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective population-based cohort study in Kobe, Japan.
  • Included 63,703 children undergoing 18-month health check-ups.
  • Compared children born pre-pandemic (April 2014-March 2018) and during the pandemic (April-October 2020).

Main Results:

  • Higher prevalence of abnormal neurodevelopment during the pandemic (12.8% vs 10.2%).
  • Increased rate of children without meaningful words, indicating language delay (7.1% vs 4.8%).
  • Minimal differences observed in other developmental outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic may negatively impact infant neurodevelopment, particularly language acquisition.
  • Infant language development appears sensitive to societal shifts like pandemics.
  • Further research is needed on causes and long-term effects.
Abstract

Keywords:
COVID-19Child Health

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