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Structural basis for human RegⅢα filament formation.

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Regenerating III alpha (RegIIIα) protein forms filaments that combat bacterial infections. This study reveals the near-atomic structure of these filaments, detailing their assembly and function.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Structural Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Regenerating III alpha (RegIIIα) is a key antibacterial protein in the digestive tract.
  • RegIIIα functions by forming pores on bacterial membranes, leading to cell lysis.
  • Previous models suggested RegIIIα hexamers assemble into filaments, reducing activity, but high-resolution structures were lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of RegIIIα filaments.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of RegIIIα assembly and function.
  • To understand the inhibitory role of the RegIIIα pro-segment.

Main Methods:

  • Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to determine filament structure at 2.2 Å resolution.
  • Structural analysis of RegIIIα filaments.
  • Biochemical assays to investigate assembly interfaces and lipid interactions.

Main Results:

  • The first near-atomic structure of RegIIIα filaments was determined.
  • Distinct subunit orientation compared to previous low-resolution models was observed.
  • Two essential assembly interfaces were identified, with potential roles for lipids and the pro-segment in regulation.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides critical structural insights into RegIIIα filament formation.
  • Understanding RegIIIα assembly mechanisms is crucial for its physiological function and regulation.
  • This work advances the understanding of C-type lectin-containing protein filament structures.