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Related Concept Videos

The Nitrogen Cycle01:49

The Nitrogen Cycle

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Nitrogen atoms, present in all proteins and DNA, are recycled between abiotic and biotic components of the ecosystem. However, the primary form of nitrogen on Earth is nitrogen gas, which cannot be used by most animals and plants. Thus, nitrogen gas must first be converted into a usable form by nitrogen-fixing bacteria before it can be cycled through other living organisms. The use of nitrogen-containing fertilizers and animal waste products in human agriculture has greatly influenced the...
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Hydronium and hydroxide ions are present both in pure water and in all aqueous solutions, and their concentrations are inversely proportional as determined by the ion product of water (Kw). The concentrations of these ions in a solution are often critical determinants of the solution’s properties and the chemical behaviors of its other solutes. Two different solutions can differ in their hydronium or hydroxide ion concentrations by a million, billion, or even trillion times. A common means of...
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Nitrogen is a very important element for life because it is a major constituent of proteins and nucleic acids. It is a macronutrient, and in nature, it is recycled from organic compounds and stored in the form of  ammonia, ammonium ions, nitrate, nitrite, or  nitrogen gas by many metabolic processes. Many of these metabolic processes are carried out only by prokaryotes.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Exploring the Root Microbiome: Extracting Bacterial Community Data from the Soil, Rhizosphere, and Root Endosphere
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Large-scale multi-omics unveils host-microbiome interactions driving root development and nitrogen acquisition.

Nannan Li1, Guoliang Li2, Xiaofang Huang3,4,5

  • 1College of Resources and Environment, and Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China. linannan2013@swu.edu.cn.

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Summary

Understanding the plant root microbiome is key for crop nutrition. This study links plant genetics, root gene regulation, and microbiome assembly to nitrogen uptake, identifying Sphingopyxis as a beneficial bacterium for crop improvement.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Science
  • Microbiome Research
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The rhizosphere microbiome significantly impacts plant health and nutrition.
  • Mechanisms connecting host genetics, root gene regulation, and microbiome assembly to plant nutritional traits are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the interplay between host genetic variation, root gene expression, and rhizosphere microbiome assembly.
  • To understand how these factors collectively influence plant nutritional traits, specifically nitrogen uptake.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of 1,341 paired datasets: root transcriptomes, bacterial 16S rRNA profiles, and root ionomes from 175 Brassica napus ecotypes.
  • Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to identify host loci regulating microbial abundance.
  • Isolate-level inoculation, whole-genome sequencing, metabolite profiling, and confocal imaging to functionalize bacterial roles.

Main Results:

  • Identified 203 highly heritable bacterial amplicon sequence variants (ASVs), many associated with root nitrogen (N) levels.
  • Host gene expression and microbial features explained up to 45% of variation in N uptake.
  • Discovered host loci regulating ASV abundance, linked to carbon and N metabolism.
  • Demonstrated that Sphingopyxis modulates auxin biosynthesis, promoting lateral root development for enhanced N acquisition.

Conclusions:

  • Sphingopyxis is a functionally relevant bacterial genus that enhances nitrogen acquisition.
  • This study provides insights into microbiome-assisted breeding for developing nutrient-efficient crops.