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Gratton effect in the numerical Stroop task is distance dependent.

Ido Shichel1, Liat Goldfarb2,3

  • 1Department of Learning Disabilities, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Avenue, Mount Carmel, 3498838, Haifa, Israel. shichel003@gmail.com.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The numerical Stroop task reveals that the distance between numbers impacts cognitive control. Smaller numerical distances amplify the Gratton effect, showing how task difficulty influences adaptive control.

Keywords:
Cognitive controlDistance effectGratton effectNumerical Stroop taskSize-Congruency effect

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human-computer interaction

Background:

  • The numerical Stroop task involves digits varying in numerical and physical size.
  • Key effects include the distance effect (smaller numerical difference = slower response) and the size-congruency effect (incongruent sizes = slower response).
  • The Gratton effect demonstrates reduced size-congruency effects after incongruent trials, linked to cognitive control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if numerical distance, a manipulation of task targets, influences the adaptive control effect (Gratton effect).
  • To examine how the numerical distance in the current trial affects the magnitude of the Gratton effect.
  • To explore the interplay between numerical processing, task difficulty, and cognitive control mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Participants completed the numerical Stroop task across two experiments.
  • Trials varied in numerical distance and size congruency.
  • The Gratton effect was measured by comparing performance on congruent versus incongruent preceding trials.

Main Results:

  • Numerical distance significantly influenced the Gratton effect in both experiments.
  • A more pronounced Gratton effect was observed with smaller numerical distances compared to larger ones.
  • This indicates that task difficulty, modulated by numerical distance, affects the processing of prior conflicts.

Conclusions:

  • Numerical distance impacts the adaptive control mechanisms reflected in the Gratton effect.
  • Easier numerical comparisons (larger distances) reduce the influence of previous trial conflicts.
  • Findings support the role of cognitive control in numerical processing and adaptive task performance.