Process-Dependent Performance of FAMAPbI₃ Perovskite Solar Cells Fabricated by One-Step and Two-Step Methods

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Renewable Energy
• Photovoltaics

Background:

• Formamidinium-methylammonium lead iodide (FAMAPbI3) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are promising for next-generation photovoltaics.
• Optimizing fabrication processes is crucial for enhancing PSC performance and stability.

Purpose of the Study:

• To compare the performance and stability of PSCs fabricated using one-step (glovebox) and two-step (ambient air) methods.
• To identify key factors influencing the efficiency and durability of FAMAPbI3 PSCs.

Main Methods:

• Fabrication of FAMAPbI3 PSCs via optimized one-step and two-step processes.
• Characterization using optical and electrical analyses (PL, TRPL, dark current, SCLC).
• Stability testing under continuous illumination for 500 hours.

Main Results:

• Two-step films exhibited larger grains, better crystallinity, and lower trap densities, leading to enhanced light absorption and charge transport.
• One-step films showed smaller grains, higher defects, and moisture sensitivity, promoting recombination.
• Two-step PSCs achieved higher efficiency (21.34%) and better long-term stability (83% retained efficiency) than one-step devices (18.90%).

Conclusions:

• The ambient-air two-step fabrication route is effective for producing high-quality FAMAPbI3 films.
• Process-structure-property relationships are critical for scalable, high-efficiency PSC development.
• The two-step method offers a viable pathway for stable and efficient perovskite solar cells.