Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Purification, Expansion, and Flow Cytometry-Based Phenotyping of Mouse Derived Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Published on: July 11, 2025
Application Strategies of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Bone-Related Diseases
Xuemei Long1,2, Dan Tan2,3, Qianke Tao4
1Department of Oral Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
Abstract:
Bone-related diseases (e.g., osteoporosis, osteoarthritis and fractures) exhibit a rising global incidence, imposing significant burdens on both quality of life and healthcare systems. Conventional therapeutic approaches, including anti-resorptive drugs and surgical interventions, face limitations such as long-term medication requirements, adverse effects (e.g., bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw) and suboptimal efficacy. Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic alternative due to their accessibility, multi-lineage differentiation potential, immunomodulatory properties and homing capacity. However, challenges such as disease complexity, mechanistic heterogeneity and therapeutic inconsistency hinder their clinical translation. Recent advances in genetic engineering, preconditioning strategies, bone tissue engineering (e.g., three-dimensional [3D] scaffolding), extracellular vesicle-based therapies and epigenetic regulation (e.g., histone modification) have significantly enhanced the therapeutic effects of BMSCs. Furthermore, cutting-edge technologies like organoids and 3D bioprinting, which stem from advances in tissue engineering, offer novel avenues for clinical applications. Given these rapid developments, this review systematically summarises BMSC-based treatment strategies for bone-related diseases, discusses current challenges and outlines future directions to advance translational research.
Related Concept Videos
Bone Marrow Sampling and Transplants
The transplant begins with high doses of chemotherapy and radiation treatment, which aim to destroy...
Bone Cells and Tissue
Osteoblasts and Osteocytes
The osteoblast is the bone cell responsible for forming new bone tissue. It is found in the growing portions of bone, including the...
Bone Structure
Bone Remodeling
Compact Bone
Compact bone, also called cortical bone, is the denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue. It is found under the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones, where it provides support and protection. The microscopic structural unit of compact bone is called an osteon, or haversian system. Each osteon is composed of concentric rings of calcified...
Bone Disorders
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...

