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Related Concept Videos

Principles of Disease Surveillance01:26

Principles of Disease Surveillance

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Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
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Immune surveillance is an integral part of the innate immune system, involving the continuous monitoring of peripheral tissues to detect and respond to pathogens, infected cells, or cancerous cells. This surveillance is conducted primarily by natural killer (NK) cells and phagocytes, which employ distinct but complementary mechanisms to identify and eliminate threats.
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Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of...
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Acute Coronary Syndrome I: Introduction01:30

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Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) encompasses a spectrum of heart conditions caused by sudden obstruction of coronary arteries, typically resulting from the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque and subsequent thrombus (blood clot) formation. This obstruction can lead to partial or complete blockage of blood flow, causing varying degrees of myocardial ischemia or infarction.ACS includes the following clinical entities:Unstable Angina (UA)Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI)ST-Elevation...
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Irritable Bowel Syndrome I: Introduction01:17

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Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is characterized by functional disturbances in the gastrointestinal system, presenting a cluster of symptoms without evident structural or biochemical abnormalities. It primarily affects the large intestine and may cause abdominal pain, bloating, excessive gas, diarrhea, constipation, or both.
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Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

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The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
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Sociodemographic and Occupational Factors Associated With COVID-19 Vaccine and Influenza Vaccine Uptake Among Healthcare Workers, in Albania, 2022-2023: A Multicenter Study.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·2025
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Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Enhanced Rabies Surveillance Using a Direct Rapid Immunohistochemical Test
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Leveraging Syndromic Surveillance for Rabies Postexposure Prophylaxis Surveillance in Maine, 2018-2022.

Liz Lamere1,2, Haris Sohail2, Sara Robinson2

  • 1Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.

Public Health Reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)
|February 4, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Maine

Keywords:
disease surveillancerabies postexposure prophylaxissyndromic surveillance

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health Surveillance
  • Infectious Disease Control
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Rabies postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) administration is a reportable event in Maine.
  • The Maine Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Maine CDC) utilizes a manual healthcare provider reporting system for PEP surveillance.
  • The effectiveness of this traditional system in meeting public health objectives requires evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the objectives of the Maine CDC's PEP administration surveillance system.
  • To assess if the current manual provider reporting system effectively meets these objectives.
  • To compare PEP administration data from provider reports with emergency department (ED) data.

Main Methods:

  • Interviews with Maine CDC epidemiologists to define surveillance system objectives.
  • Comparison of PEP administration data from provider reporting and ED data.
  • Assessment of data completeness and timeliness from both reporting sources.

Main Results:

  • Key objectives identified: tracking exposures, documenting PEP trends, and ensuring correct administration.
  • The current system was found to be inadequate for ensuring correct PEP administration.
  • Emergency department data identified significantly more PEP administrations (1191) than provider reports (538) between January 2018 and June 2022.
  • ED data were more timely but lacked information on the exposing animal in 28% of records.

Conclusions:

  • Emergency department data offers a more timely and comprehensive method for documenting PEP administration trends.
  • Syndromic surveillance data from EDs could supplement or replace the traditional PEP surveillance system.
  • Further development of data queries is needed for a complete understanding of PEP administration in Maine.