Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Targets for Drug Action: Overview01:26

Targets for Drug Action: Overview

10.3K
Drugs target macromolecules to modify ongoing cellular processes. Primary drug targets include receptors, ion channels, transporters, and enzymes.
Receptors are either membrane-spanning or intracellular proteins, which upon binding a ligand, get activated and transmit the signal downstream to elicit a response. Drugs bind receptors, either mimicking the action of endogenous ligands or blocking the receptor activity to bring about a modified response. Nearly 35% of approved drugs target the G...
10.3K
The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

7.7K
The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
7.7K
Fixed Action Patterns01:06

Fixed Action Patterns

17.7K
A fixed action pattern (FAP) is a specific, hard-wired sequence of behaviors that occurs in response to an external stimulus, called a sign stimulus. The behavior is “fixed” because it is essentially unchangeable—proceeding similarly across individuals of a species every time it occurs.
17.7K
What is the Immune System?01:38

What is the Immune System?

129.7K
Overview
129.7K
Humoral Immune Responses01:36

Humoral Immune Responses

84.0K
Overview
84.0K
Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

5.6K
The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
5.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A multi-method study of unlicensed medicine risk assessment: a cross-sectional survey of pharmacy procurement leads and policy analysis across NHS trusts in England.

International journal of clinical pharmacy·2026
Same author

A dynamic bioreactor for endothelial and epithelial cell co-culture to mimic aspects of renal microenvironments.

Biomedical microdevices·2026
Same author

Exploiting Unsupervised Free-Living Data for Cardiorespiratory Fitness Estimation: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

JMIR mHealth and uHealth·2026
Same author

Dynamic changes to the intestinal environment occur throughout recovery from experimental ischemic stroke.

Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism·2026
Same author

Adenophages are an atypical macrophage population in exocrine glands sustained by ILC2-derived GM-CSF.

Nature immunology·2025
Same author

Icephobicity of Oil-Infused Silicone Elastomer Coatings: Ice Adhesion, Freezing Time, and Room-Temperature Characterization.

ACS omega·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Expansion of Two-dimension Electrospun Nanofiber Mats into Three-dimension Scaffolds
06:14

Expansion of Two-dimension Electrospun Nanofiber Mats into Three-dimension Scaffolds

Published on: January 7, 2019

7.3K

Targeting Post-Irradiation Thyroid Dysfunction: Electrospun Scaffolds As A Dual-Action Approach for Antioxidant and

Maria Heim1,2, Ella-Louise Handley1, Daniel Grant2

  • 1Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.

Advanced Healthcare Materials
|February 4, 2026
PubMed
Summary

New PCL scaffolds with adenosine show promise for treating radiation-induced hypothyroidism (RIHT). These scaffolds reduce oxidative stress and inflammation, promoting thyroid tissue repair and macrophage repolarization for better outcomes.

Keywords:
adenosineelectrospinningimmunomodulationmacrophagesradiation injurythyroidtissue engineering

More Related Videos

Electrospun Nanofiber Scaffolds with Gradations in Fiber Organization
09:32

Electrospun Nanofiber Scaffolds with Gradations in Fiber Organization

Published on: April 19, 2015

10.3K
Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach for Thyroid Lobectomy
05:12

Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach for Thyroid Lobectomy

Published on: May 12, 2023

5.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Expansion of Two-dimension Electrospun Nanofiber Mats into Three-dimension Scaffolds
06:14

Expansion of Two-dimension Electrospun Nanofiber Mats into Three-dimension Scaffolds

Published on: January 7, 2019

7.3K
Electrospun Nanofiber Scaffolds with Gradations in Fiber Organization
09:32

Electrospun Nanofiber Scaffolds with Gradations in Fiber Organization

Published on: April 19, 2015

10.3K
Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach for Thyroid Lobectomy
05:12

Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach for Thyroid Lobectomy

Published on: May 12, 2023

5.0K

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Endocrinology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Radiation-induced hypothyroidism (RIHT) is a common side effect of head and neck radiotherapy, characterized by oxidative stress, inflammation, and immune dysregulation.
  • Current treatments for RIHT focus on hormone replacement but do not address the underlying thyroid tissue damage.
  • Targeting macrophage behavior and reducing oxidative stress are promising strategies for restoring thyroid homeostasis after radiation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds incorporating adenosine for localized modulation of oxidative and inflammatory responses in the irradiated thyroid.
  • To investigate the effects of adenosine-modified scaffolds on thyrocyte function, senescence, apoptosis, and macrophage polarization in vitro.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds with varying concentrations of adenosine (0.5%-3%) using electrospinning.
  • In vitro assessment of scaffold morphology, stability, and effects on thyrocyte proliferation, epithelial cohesion, antioxidant enzyme expression (GPX1, CAT), and senescence/apoptosis markers (RGN, CDKN2A, CASP3).
  • In vitro evaluation of adenosine scaffolds' impact on THP-1-derived macrophage polarization, assessing M1 (CD86, CD80, TNFα) and M2 (CD206, CD163) marker expression.

Main Results:

  • Adenosine incorporation (specifically 1% in PCL scaffolds) did not compromise scaffold morphology or stability.
  • Adenosine-PCL scaffolds significantly enhanced thyrocyte proliferation, epithelial cohesion, and antioxidant enzyme expression while reducing senescence and apoptosis markers.
  • Adenosine scaffolds successfully modulated macrophages towards a pro-reparative M2 phenotype, decreasing inflammatory markers and promoting tissue repair.

Conclusions:

  • Fibrosis and oxidative stress are key contributors to radiation-induced hypothyroidism (RIHT) pathology.
  • Adenosine-blended PCL scaffolds represent a feasible platform for targeting these RIHT mechanisms by modulating oxidative stress and macrophage responses.
  • These findings provide a foundation for future in vivo studies to validate adenosine-PCL scaffolds as a therapeutic strategy for RIHT.